Electricity is the flow of electrons in a conductor.
NOTE: The negative pole has an excess of electrons, and the positive pole has a deficit. Therefore, current flows from negative to positive.
Fixed Resistance: In devices with fixed resistance, such as incandescent bulbs, current increases when voltage increases and decreases when voltage decreases, following:
I = U / R
Where:
Ampere describes the amount of electric charge (current) flowing through a conductor in a given time.
Ampere = Watt/Volt or I = P/UAmpere = Volt/Resistance or I = U/RPower Conversion: The power exerted by the motor is converted into heat.
The current is the same across all consumers connected in series.
The current is divided among the parallel components.
To measure current, the current to be measured must flow through the measuring device, which is connected in series with the consumer.
Amperage produces Heat
Motor Speed: Too many volts can cause cables to short circuit through insulation.
Voltage represents the potential difference between two poles.
Voltage is distributed among the elements connected in series. Voltage sources can also be connected in series.
Voltage is the same across all parallel consumers.
At very high voltages, the electric field strength can become sufficient to ionize the insulating material (including air), turning it into a conductor (plasma). This can lead to a breakdown and allow current to flow, overcoming the resistance.
the voltage is irrelevant for the cable thickness. it is relevant for the cable insulation
Power is the rate at which electrical energy is consumed or produced by a device. It is measured in Watts (W).
The basic formula for calculating power is:
[ P = U \times I ]
Where:
If a device operates at 10 Volts and draws 2 Amperes of current, the power consumed by the device is:
[ P = 10V \times 2A = 20W ]
for the same power output (measured in watts), if the voltage (volts) increases and the current (amperes) decreases, the impact of resistance becomes less significant. This is because power (P) is the product of voltage (V) and current (I), so for constant power, increasing voltage means reducing current. Since power dissipation in resistors is proportional to the square of the current (P = I²R), lower current reduces the power lost to resistance, making it less impactful.
Ohm formulated the Ohm's Law:
Symbols and their units:
R = Resistance in Ohms (Ω)I = Current in Amperes (A)U = Voltage in Volts (V)From the formulas, 1 Ohm represents the ratio between 1 Volt and 1 Ampere (1 Ω = 1 V / 1 A).